黑松林根际土壤微生物区系及其养分研究

为了探讨山东低山丘陵区黑松林林地土壤肥力综合评价方法，对不同树龄和生长代数的林地根际与林间土壤微生物及其主要几种生理类群的数量分布和土壤理化性质的差异进行了研究．结果表明：①黑松林地土壤微生物以细菌占绝对优势，其次为放线菌．②随着树龄的增加，除氨化细菌外，林地土壤中细菌、真菌、放线菌、微生物总数量及各生理类群均表现出先升高后降低的趋势．③头栽林地土壤的细菌、放线菌、微生物总数量及各生理类群（氨化细菌、硝化细菌、固氮菌、纤维素分解菌和磷细菌）都不同程度高于连栽林地，平均数量分别约是连栽林地的1．43倍、1．08倍、1．18倍及（1．37倍、1．94倍、1．45倍、1．31倍和1．24倍），但真菌平均数量（1．33×10^6个／g土）比连栽林地（1．48×10^6个／g土）的低11．3％．④除放线菌R／S值小于1．0外，土壤其余2大类和各生理类群的R／S值均在1．0以上，其中硝化细菌的R／S值最小，固氮菌的R／S值最高．⑤连栽引起土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷含量及pH值分别下降9．42％、14．3％、19．9％、14．7％、20．4％及7．3％．

Studies on Microbiota and Its Nutrient Properties of Rhizosphere Soil of Black Pine Forest

To find out a synthetical way to evaluate the soil fertility of black pine forest plantation-land in lower mountainous areas of Shandong province, the difference of quantitative distribution of microbes, several main microbial physiological groups and main soil chemical properties in rhizosphere soil and nonrhizosphere soil of black pine forest with different forest age and generation were compared. The result indicated that： （1） Bacteria were evidently more than other microba. （2） Bacteria, fagus, actionmyces, main microbial physicalogical groups, and microbe quantity in black pine forest soil had a tendency of ＂low, high, low＂ along with the ages, but ammonifiers increased along with the ages. （3） Bacteria, actionmyces, microbe quantity, ammonifiers, nitro-bacteria, nitrogen fixing bacteria, cellulose decomposing microbes, and phosphors decomposing microbes in first culture forest were higher than in succession culture forest, which were respectively 1.43, 1.08, 1.18, 1.37, 1.94,1.45, 1. 31 ,and 1.24 time of the succession culture forest, but fagus was on the contrary. （4）Bacteria, fagus, microbe quantity, and microbial physiological groups in rhizosphere soil were evident higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil, which showed black pine forest lands could exert a larger marked effect（ R/S value）. soil organic matter, total N, total P, and pH decreased respectively by 9.42% N, P also decreased by 14.7% ,20.4%. （5）Because of succession cultivation, ,14.3% ,19.9% ,and 7.3% ; Active N, P also decreased by 14.7% ,20.4%.