文化生态学理论及其实证解读

阐述了斯图尔德的文化生态学理论。该理论分析了文化与生态环境之间的关系,认为不同的文化在不同的生态环境中会产生不同的适应与发展的过程,而在相似的环境中有可能产生相类似的文化发展模式。文化生态学不在于寻求适应所有文化和环境的普遍规律,而在于发现不同地区之间特殊文化与环境适应产生的结构与特征。斯图尔德最关注的文化是生计方式。文化生态学理论生命力依然旺盛,可以用来解释当代一个巴西小社区的社会文化发展与变迁。

Theory of Cultural Ecology and its Empirical Interpretation

Steward pioneered the theory of cultural ecology. He focuses on the relation between culture and ecological environment and holds that the adaptation and development of culture depends on its ecological environment. The theory is not to discover the general rule for the adaptation of every type of culture and environment, but to seek the specific structure and feature for the adaptation of different cultures and environment in different areas. Means of livelihood is his utmost concern. The theory of cultural ecology which is still thriving can be used to analyze the cultural and social development and change in a Brazilian community.