追问启蒙:从康德到福柯

18世纪末,康德就“启蒙”问题第一次做了哲学上的阐释。康德认为,启蒙就是理性的不成熟状态到成熟状态的过程,理性的成熟状态表现为:理性的公开使用和理性的私下使用之间的和谐运作,启蒙意味着思维方式的变革,意味着人从国家机器的全面附属中获得公开运用自己理性的“人”,同时又在一种规则之中。而一百多年后,福柯又旧话重提,认为康德对“启蒙”的回答标志着悄然切入某个问题的思想史,它对启蒙开启了一个新的视角,从否定启蒙的方式来界定启蒙,这种态度称其为“现代性的态度”。

Question Enlightenment: from Kant to Foucault

In the end of 18th century,Kant gave the first philosophical explanation of "Enlightenment".He defined that Enlightenment is a process in which human beings become rational mature from obscurity.However,Foucault re-raised this subject after more than 100 years.He held the opinion that Kant's definition of "Enlightenment" is a mark of entering some question of ideological history.It had opened a new dimension of Enlightenment,and had reflected "an Attitude of Modernity".