The double transfer of thermodynamics: From physics to chemistry and from Europe to America |
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| Authors: | Photis Dais |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Athens, Greece;2. Department of Chemistry, University of Crete, Greece;1. Nuclear Fuel Cycle Program, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, L-223, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, CA 94550, United States;2. Sandia National Laboratories, Nuclear Waste Disposal Research and Analysis, P.O. Box 5800, MS 0779, Albuquerque, NM 87185, United States;1. Jeffrey Sachs Center on Sustainable Development, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia;2. Institute of Malaysia and International Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia;1. School of Materials, Optoelectronics and Physics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China;2. Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this study is twofold: to explore, first, the influence of the intellectual and social conditions on the transfer of thermodynamics to chemistry and thereby the making of chemical thermodynamics, and second, the way that this knowledge was transferred from Europe to America. Consequently, it is of interest to examine the methodological approaches used by physicists and chemists to transfer thermodynamics to chemistry, to evaluate the potential of this science to offer solutions to existing chemical problems, and to discuss the attitude of the scientific community towards these new ideas. The development of chemical thermodynamics in America followed a different route compared to the European experience. Although it was transferred from Europe, it had distinctive characteristics imposed by a different traditional, intellectual and social milieu. This study focuses on the content of the transferred knowledge to America and the direction that this knowledge assumed by the American scientists. As a paradigm, the chemical thermodynamics of Gilbert Newton Lewis will be considered. |
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| Keywords: | Transfer Knowledge Thermodynamics Ionists Gilbert N Lewis Escaping tendency Fugacity Activity |
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