土壤侵蚀研究中的地球化学示踪技术应用评价

土壤侵蚀被认为是全球最严重的环境问题之一。随着人口增加，土地的强化利用，土壤侵蚀日益严重。土壤侵蚀及其引起的江河堵塞、洪水泛滥、养分流失、土壤退化、土地生产力下降、水体污染等一系列生态环境问题，不仅为全球所关注，而且也关系到我国农业持续发展的重大问题。传统的土壤侵蚀研究方法如高差法、遥感研究法、RUSLE等研究方法存在一些不足，而核素地球化学示踪法、稀土元素示踪法、磁性示踪剂法、土壤地球化学指标法等地球化学示踪方法为土壤侵蚀在精度和量化以及实用上提供了更好研究手段。分别论及了放射性核素137^Cs，7^Be，210^Pb示踪、稀土元素示踪、磁性示踪剂法、土壤地球化学指标法等在土壤侵蚀研究中的应用现状。比较和评价了国内外地球化学示踪方法及其在土壤侵蚀研究中的应用进展，可兹今后在这方面的研究工作参考借鉴。

Evaluation of Application in Using Geochemistry as a Tool Measuring Soil Erosion

Soil erosion is one of the most serious global environment problems, which is become more and more serious with the increment of population and excessive use of land. Soil erosion often deduces mang ecological environment problems, such as the jam of rivers, overflow of flood, loss of nutrient, soil degenercy, descension of soil productivity, etc. which are not only a global problem, but also are substaintial to the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Many conventional erosion research methods and techniques, such as Eveluation method, Remote Sensing technique, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation method, etc, have their limitations, though they are used widely today. Using geochemical tracers, such as radionuclides, Rare Earth Element magnetic susceptibility, soil physics, magnetic tracer and chemistry index, to measure soil erosion rates is exerting particular function in soil erosion study, which is more accurate and practical. Discussion on the actual application of 137 Cs, 7Be, 210 Pb, REE, soil physics, magnetic tracer and chemistry index in soil erosion. Comparing and appraising geochemical tracer and it's progress in the application of soil erosion, as a result, which will bring some references to the following research.