英汉体貌系统之比较

句子的体貌系统是一个三层结构，三层分别是构词层、视点层和时间层。在词语段，汉语有两层，而英语只有一层，因为英语没有相当于汉语“了”体现的视点层，没有实现体。在功能段，汉语的时间体由句末的“了”体现，但英语的时间体则体现为四种体貌形式：中性体、进行体、完成体和进行完成体。从另一方面看，英汉两种语言的体貌差异在过去时间状语与英语的现在完成时和汉语的“了”的相容与否的差别。

Aspectual Differences between English and Chinese

The aspectual system of a sentence is three-layered, and the three layers are the compositional level, the viewpoint level and the temporal aspect. In the lexical cycle Chinese has two levels, while in English the two levels are incorporated into one because English has no viewpoint level represented by verb-le which denotes realization aspect. Accordingly, English has no realization aspect. In the functional cycle, the temporal aspect is represented by sentence-le in Chinese, but by four aspects in English： neutral, progressive, perfect and progressive perfect. Looked from another perspective, the aspectual difference between English and Chinese in the compatibility difference or past-time adverbials with English present perfect tense and Chinese le.