基于运动模式和元胞自动机的火灾环境下人员疏散模型

为模拟建筑物内火灾情况下人员安全疏散,提出了一种基于运动模式和元胞自动机的人员疏散模型。该模型借助智能移动机器人的运动模式,并考虑了火灾环境对人员的疏散行为的影响,即火灾环境对人员造成的生理心理影响从而导致低效的疏散行为。引入一个健康度的概念,在疏散过程中,人员的健康度会受到其周围的烟气浓度、温度,氧气、二氧化碳和一氧化碳浓度的影响而不断下降,从而导致人员的疏散方向的错位和疏散速度的下降。模拟了不同期望速度的人员从发生火灾的建筑物中疏散的典型过程。模拟结果与实际情况相符,模型为考虑火灾环境的人员疏散提供了一个可行的框架。

Fire evacuation model based on motor schema and cellular automaton

A fire evacuation model was developed based on motor schema and cellular automaton to simulate safe evacuation procedures during fires.The model uses the motor schema of an intelligent mobile robot and considers the effects of the fire environment on evacuation behavior,i.e.the physiological and psychological effects of the fire which result in low-efficiency behavior.A health is included with the health deterioration due to the smoke,temperature,reduced oxygen,increased carbon dioxide,and increased carbon monoxide,which affect the evacuation route and evacuation speed.The studies included many people with different walking speeds evacuating from a building.The results agree with previous studies to show that the model provides a feasible framework for simulating evacuation from fire environments.