崇明东滩湿地互花米草治理对鸟类及底栖动物多样性的影响

【目的】崇明东滩湿地是国际涉禽鸟类和居留繁殖鸟类的重要栖息地,互花米草(Spartina alterniflora)的入侵导致鸟类栖息地的群落结构与功能发生变化,2011年在保护区建成互花米草治理与鸟类栖息地示范区,需要了解示范区与对照区的芦苇(Phragmites australis)生长状况、鸟类和大型底栖动物的种类与数量变化,探讨互花米草治理成效以及对湿地生物多样性的影响。【方法】在示范区内外分别设置了8个生物多样性监测点和7个对照监测点,对植物群落组成、鸟的种类和大型底栖动物物种进行监测和采样分析。【结果】刈割和清除互花米草的工程成效显著。在示范区内,鸟的种类和数量以及水鸟的种类与数量均高于对照区,说明互花米草治理可为雁鸭类等重要水鸟提供良好的栖息地。同时,示范区内软体动物、节肢动物和环节动物的密度显著低于对照区。【结论】示范区在完成工程措施后景观和生物多样性发生了较大变化。较之互花米草群落,其生物多样性维持的生态服务功能有了明显的恢复,吸引了不同类群的鸟类在此停歇或繁殖,示范区的营造已取得较好成效。今后将重点监测对水鸟种群有重要影响的生物群落和环境因子,更全面评估示范工程对栖息地恢复成效。

Effects of habitat restoration on the diversity of bird and marcobenthos in the Chongming Dongtan wetland

【Objective】Chongming Dongtan wetland servers as an important habitat for both migratory and resident birds. However, the invasion of Spartina alterniflora had changed the community structure and function of the wetland. In 2011, an demonstration test area was constructed to eradicate S. alterniflora and protect bird habitat. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of removing S. alterniflora on the biodiversity in the Chongming Dongtan wetland, Shanghai City. 【Method】The plant growth(Phragmites australis), plant community composition, and the species and quantity change of avian community(with another one-year survey after construction), and macrobenthos community were monitored in 8 treatment plots and 7 control plots, respectively.【Result】The removal of S. alterniflora did not affect the density and height of Ph. australis. The species enrichment and number of birds(including waterfowl)were higher in the treatment plots than in the control plots.【Conclusion】After engineering construction, the landscape and biodiversity of the demonstration test area changed greatly. Compared with the S. alterniflora community, the ecological service function of biodiversity conservation has been obviously restored, attracting different groups of birds resting here. Further monitoring is needed to check the recovery potential of the macro benthos community.