流域性环境问题变化与转型期流域政策取向

根据统计和调查资料分析,认为中国的环境问题越来越呈现出流域性特征,并且环境与发展的矛盾日益加剧.其原因一是社会经济的快速发展产生的资源环境压力逐步扩大,各种流域环境问题不断积累;二是由于流域内利益集团的日益多元化,不同利益诉求相互冲突.在政策回顾的基础上,本文分析了现行政策存在的问题,认为中国的流域环境政策既不能适应流域问题新变化的需求,又不能反映转型期的政策变化特征.因此,建议在流域综合管理框架下,把有针对性的政策组合作为今后解决流域环境问题的重要方向.

Basin-wide Environmental Problems and a Policy Orientation in Transition Period

Based on the statistical and survey data, the paper shows that China's environmental problems manifest typically mixed, regional and basin-wide features. On one hand, the rapid social change and economic growth exert a great pressure on natural resources and the environment. On the other hand, the interest groups within a river basin have diversified requirements for the service of the river. In reviewing the past river basin policies, the paper analyzes the problems of current policies and shows that policies of China's river basin management neither resolve the new river basin issues nor adapt well to the demand of policy change in the transition period. It is suggested that, under the framework of the Integrated River Basin Management, a new approach of integrated policy package should be adopted to deal with the environmental problems at the river basin level.