海洋生物中的隐藏生物多样性与物种形成:终生浮游生物悖论

隐种广泛存在于各类海洋生物中,尤其是底栖无脊椎动物.然而,海洋终生浮游生物由于具有较强的扩散能力,往往被视为生物多样性低、物种形成慢.本文就海洋终生浮游生物隐种与物种形成的研究作一综述.基于研究的38个种类,结果表明:1)海洋终生浮游生物普遍存在隐种,其物种形成要比想象得快;2)由于引种的广泛存在,形态种生物多样性无法反映海洋终生浮游生物真正的物种多样性;3)地理隔离有助于海洋终生浮游生物隐种的形成,但异域物种形成的作用仍值得商榷;4)生态物种形成很可能是海洋终生浮游生物物种形成的主流模式.海洋终生浮游生物强基因流下快速的物种形成有悖于生物进化常理,解决该悖论将有助于我们对海洋物种形成和生物多样性的理解.

Cryptic Biodiversity and Speciation in Marine Populations: the Holoplankton Paradox

Cryptic species have been found in a wide range of marine organisms;with majority of them are benthic inverte-brates.In contrast,marine holoplanktons are thought to have lower diversity and slow speciation due to their strong dispersal po-tential.This paper reviewed studies on cryptic species and speciation in marine holoplankton.Based on findings in 38 studied tax-a,it was concluded that:1) cryptic species are pervasive in marine holoplankton,suggesting holoplankton speciation was more ac-tive than previously thought;2) Current morphospecies diversity is untenable to reflect true species diversity in marine holoplank-ton;3) Geographic isolation may facilitate cryptic speciation of marine holoplankton.However,contribution of allopatric speciationis still questionable;4) Ecological speciation may be the prevailing speciation mode in marine holoplankton.Cryptic speciation inmarine holoplankton is paradoxical,because rapid speciation under strong gene flowis countertuitive.Solution of this paradox willhelp us gain deep insights of marine speciation and biodivesity.