蜜蜂振翅的流场显示实验与理论分析

为研究蜜蜂振翅的流场特征,设计并开展了多组低速烟风洞流场显示实验.实验过程中,通过高速摄像机拍摄记录了蜜蜂远场和近场的周期流场结构,并分析了蜜蜂振翅产生的前缘涡,尾缘涡和翅尖涡,对比了翅不同截面处的前缘涡变化情况.在翅尾缘处,下拍末期产生下拍停止涡与上拍启动涡,翅旋转时,前翅与后翅会弯曲扭转,使得前后翅的尾缘涡环量相反.由翅根至翅尖,前缘涡尺寸逐渐增长,前缘涡和翅尖涡共同组成由翅根流向翅尖的展向流结构;下拍末期,翅尖涡尾迹形成涡管与翅边缘环量连接在一起,分别在蜜蜂左右翅上形成独立的涡环,并计算得到了涡环升力值.

The visualization experiment and theoretical analysis of the flow field of honeybee flapping-wing

The goal of this study is to show characteristics of flow field of honeybee wings＇ flapping with performing multiple sets of flow visualization experiment in low-speed smoke tunnel. Periodic flow field structures of far and near field of the honeybee were imaged using high-speed camera,and leading edge vortex,trailing edge vortex and wing tip vortex were analized.At the trailing edge of the wing, the downstroke stopping vortex and upstroke starting vortex were generated at the end of the down stroke. Both the forewing and hindwing could flex and rotate at the stroke reversal, leading the circular rectors of the trailing edge vortex of the forewing and hindwing to be in the opposite direction. The size of the leading edge vortex was increasing from wing root to wing tip, and the spanwise flow structure was composed of leading edge vortex and trailing edge vortex. At the end of the down stroke, the scroll generated by the wing tip vortex was connected with the wing margin circular rector, respectively forming the independent vortex rings on right and left wings. Meanwhile downstroke lift was estimated utilizing the vortex ring theory.