内在理由与伦理生活

道德评价在人类生活中具有重要作用，但道德理性主义的盛行往往使得道德评价的复杂性没有得到充分重视。伯纳德·威廉斯提出的内在理由概念可以恰当地被理解为特别针对道德评价，对道德理性主义提出了一个重要挑战。面对对威廉斯的内在理由概念的某些重要批评，需要澄清和捍卫这个概念，在此基础上揭示它对于我们理解伦理生活的本质的一些含义。

Internal Reasons and Ethical Life

It goes without saying that moral appraisal plays an important role in human life.However, with the prevalence of moral rationalism, the complexity of moral appraisal has not yet been fully appreciated as it should be.The notion of internal reasons advanced by Bernard Williams can be properly construed as putting forward a serious challenge to moral rationalism es-pecially by focusing on the issue of moral evaluation.This paper aims to clarify and defend Williams＇notion of internal reasons against some leading critiques of it, and thereby uncovers some of its implications for our understanding of the very nature of ethical life.