极端黑洞热力学研究的现状和未来

概括了近年来极端黑洞热力学研究的主要结果，面临的挑战以及一些解决方案，在对极端黑洞的热力学和几何性质进行深入研究后，指出自然界中存在两种拓扑性质完全不同的极端黑洞，一种是Hawking提出的具有极端拓扑的极端黑洞，它的熵是零，另一种极端黑洞保留了非极端黑洞的拓扑，它的熵仍然可用Bekenstein-Hawking公式描述，此结论解决了近年来极端黑洞研究中Hawking学派和弦理论家之间的矛盾，解决了Hawking学派和黑洞相变理论的矛盾。

The Present Status and Future Development in the Study of Extreme Black Hole Thermodynamics

We review some main results, challenges and explanations that have appeared in the study of extreme black hole thermodynamics recently. Based upon some deep studies on extreme black hole thermodynamics and geometry, we point out that there are two kinds of extreme black holes with different topological properties in nature. One kind of extreme black hole as described by Hawking has zero entropy and extreme topology. And the other kind of extreme black hole holds the topological configuration of non-extreme black hole and its entropy is still described by Bekenstein-Hawking formula. Our result solves the non-compliance between String theorists and Hawking's supporters and clarifys the viewpoint in black hole phase transition.