仙桃市癌症空间分布及其影响因素研究

中国经济在快速发展的同时付出了高昂的环境代价，而环境的恶化也会体现在居民的公共健康上，尤其是癌症高发现象.癌症病例在空间上的集聚现象是人地关系演变的结果，成为社会群体格外关心的公共健康问题.研究选取江汉平原的仙桃市为案例，根据居民就诊记录提取居民癌症病例人数，基于地理空间分析方法，描述癌症的空间分布规律，探测患者在空间上聚集性特征；通过空间统计学方法描述外部环境因子与癌症空间分布特征之间的关系.结果表明：案例区癌症患者聚集分布明显但区域差异显著，总体呈现多中心分布格局.癌症病例多集中于河流下游、乡镇工业区和化工厂集聚区，距工厂的距离与癌症发病的空间分布呈高度相关，而医疗设施短缺地区对癌症发病具有一定影响，癌症高发聚落点大部分在距离河流5 km的范围内.该结果验证了仙桃市工厂布局、医疗水平和水体环境对居民健康的影响，为江汉平原区域相关环境污染整治和开展环境与人群健康监测提供参考依据.

Spatial distribution of cancer residents and its influencing factors in Xiantao City

The spatial agglomeration of cancer cases is the result of the evolution of man-land relationships， which cause public health problems that are of particular concern to social groups. In this study the number of cancer cases of residents are extracted based on the records of residents in the case area， and the spatial distribution of cancer residents are described based on geospatial analysis and kernel density. The spatial aggregation characteristics of patients are explored， and the relationship between external environmental factors and the spatial distribution characteristics of cancer cases is interpreted by geospatial statistics. The results showed that the aggregation of cancer patients in the case area was obvious with significant regional differences， presenting a multi-center， concentrated distribution pattern on the whole. The kernel density analysis suggested that cancer incidence was concentrated in the lower reaches of rivers， township industrial areas and chemical plant clusters. The distance from the settlement point to the chemical plant greatly affected the occurrence of cancer， and the areas where medical facilities are inadequate have a certain impact on the incidence of cancer. The high incidence of cancer is mostly distributed within 5 km from the river. The results verified the impact of environmental pollution and medical level on the health of residents， providing references for related environmental pollution remediation work and environmental and population monitoring.