发光细菌法在润滑油急性生物毒性检测中的应用

参照发光细菌法检测被污染的水和土壤中急性生物毒性方法，探索发动机润滑油生物毒性的检测途径．润滑油试样的制备依据美国ASTMD6081标准要求，采用了可容纳水馏分（WAF）和水溶性馏分（WSF）的原理和技术．对几种典型的汽油发动机润滑油运用发光细菌法进行急性毒性试验，对试验过程中发光细菌接触参比毒物和润滑油试样的时间，以及WAF制备过程中搅拌速度和搅拌时间对毒性检测的影响进行了分析．试验表明，发光细菌法能够检测出发动机润滑油的急性生物毒性，不但具有良好的区分性，而且具有操作便捷、试验成本低和试验周期短等优点．搅拌时间对检测结果影响较大，对同一油样搅拌时间6h优于3h．搅拌速度影响较小，适宜发光菌法检测润滑油毒性试验的搅拌速度为1200r／min．

Application of Luminescent Bacteria in Ecotoxicity Test of Lubricants

Ecotoxicity test approach of lubricants was investigated referring to the method of ecotoxicity test using luminescent bacteria in polluted water and soil. According to the standard of America ASTM D6081, lubricant samples were prepared based on principle and technology of water accommodated fraction （ WAF ） and water soluble fraction （WSF）. Ecotoxicity test for several typical lubricants was done by using luminescent bacteria. The influence factors in ecotoxicity test were investigated, such as the exposure time of luminescent bacteria to lubricants and contrast poisonous material, and the mixing time and speed of WAF. Results show that the ecotoxicity of lubricants can be tested by luminescent bacteria, and the method has advantages of good distinctiveness, convenience, economy and short period, etc. The mixing time has obvious effects on test result, and for a certain oil the test effect at 6 h is better than that at 3h. Different mixing speeds have almost same effect on ecotoxicity test, and 1 200 r/min is accommodated for the test.