膝关节半月板疲劳状态下组织结构变化的初步研究

膝关节是人体承上启下的重要关节,位于该关节的股骨内外侧髁与胫骨内外侧髁之间的半月板尤其容易发生急性损伤或慢性劳损,此结构在承受与传导载荷、吸收振荡、稳定关节,协助关节润滑等方面有多种作用.故预防半月板的损伤以及损伤后的修复十分重要,否则会严重影响膝关节的功能.国内外对半月板研究比较重视,对此结构进行有组织学、生物力学、创伤学等多角度的研究.为了了解半月板在持续受力后的组织结构的变化,本研究进行了疲劳性损伤实验,观察其组织结构的变化.此研究有助于了解半月板损伤的机制,并为科学防治其损伤提供更多的理论依据.本研究采用INSTRON生物力学测试系统(Instron Co,USA)进行“压缩-扭转”实验,观察膝关节半月板各部位在受到一定外力持续性、旋转式挤压后,组织结构的变化,并与正常半月板各部位的组织结构进行比较,以了解其抗疲劳能力.从实验后组织切片的情况看,半月板经过“压缩-扭转”实验后,组织结构发生了明显的变化,主要表现有:1.软骨盘内细胞变形、软骨陷窝几乎消失,软骨细胞类似腱细胞.2.半月板内纤维排列发生严重紊乱,纤维间隙明显增大,并有纤维发生断裂的现象.3.半月板内未见血管,仅在软骨膜中可见少量血管分布,表明该结构在受到持续挤压以后,血供受到一定的破坏,半月板的营养供应受到影响,对该结构损伤后的修复会有明显影响.

Analysis of the tissue structure change in knee joint under fatigue stress condition

The knee joint is an important joint in human body which connects the upper and the lower section of the body. The semi-lunar plate, which is located in the outer side of the femur of this joint, is especially subject to urgent or chronical injury. The structure plays many important roles in supporting and transmitting force load, stabalizing joint and coordinating joint moisture. It is important for semi-lunar plate injury and the recovery after injury. Otherwise, the functionality of the knee joint will be seriously affected. There is a lot of research on the semi-lunar plate both home and abroad, and a lot of research has been conducted on the structure from many angles of tissue structure, biodynamics and trumar. In order to learn the tissue structure change after applying continuous force, the author conducts fatigue experiment and observes the tissue structure change. The research is helpful in learning the injury mechanism of semi-lunar plate and providing theoretical reference for scientific prevention of the injury. The author utilizes Instron 8874 biodynamical testing system (instron co,usa) to conduct compression-tortion experiment, observes the tissue structure change in various secions of the knee joint after continuous rotative compresssion, and understands its anti-fatigue ability. Viewing from the tissue slices after experiment, the author observes obvious tissue structure change after the compression-tortion experiment and concludes: 1. There is cellular distortion inside the soft bone plate, soft bone bowl almost disappears and the softbone cell is similar to the angle cell. 2. The fiber arrangement inside the semi-lunar plate is seriously messed up. Fiber gap increases obviously and fiber disconnection is detected. 3. No blood vessel is seen in the semi-lunar plate and only small amount of blood vessels is seen in the soft bone membrane, which shows that after compression the blood supply for the structure is disrupted and the nutrition supply is affected. This will obviousy affect the recovery of the structure after injury