锥形结构对锥孔组合型机械密封端面变形及密封性能的影响

考虑密封系统各组件间接触受力及封闭流体与端面间的力作用，提出锥/孔组合型动压机械密封，构建端面密封流/固耦合理论模型，并将相应的有限元软件与计算机语言编程相结合，通过迭代计算获得端面膜压场及其变形情况，探究端面锥度和锥面宽度比在低、高压工况下对密封性能的影响规律。结果表明：随锥度φ的增大，高压区缩小，低压区扩张，孔区内液体所形成的压力峰值越来越陡峭，使得静圆环端面上产生周期性波式变形和倾斜锥度变形，变形情况与膜压场的形状相类似；动圆环端面锥度变形比较明显，波式变形不明显，且随φ的增大，锥度变形也越来越大。无论是对于较低速、低压或是较高速、高压状态下的机械密封，当端面特征几何结构参数选取为锥度φ=0.8~1.6、锥面宽度比γ=0.8~1时，机械密封均可获得优良的综合性能。

Influence of the conical parameters on end face deformation and sealing performance of a cone-pore combined mechanical seal

Considering the contact stress between the components in a sealing fluid sealing system and the transverse force between the closed fluid and the end face, a cone-pore combination dynamic pressure mechanical seal is proposed, and a theoretical model of the end seal flow/solid coupling is constructed. The corresponding finite element software combined with language programming are adopted through iterative calculations, and the pressure field of the liquid film and the deformation of the end face are obtained, in order to explore the influence of the taper of the end face and cone width ratio on the sealing performance under both low and high pressure conditions. The results show that as the taper φ increases，the high pressure area shrinks and the low pressure area expands, and the resulting pressure peak becomes steeper, resulting in a periodic wave deformation and inclined taper deformation on the end face of the static ring. The deformation is similar to the shape of the membrane pressure field. The taper deformation of the end face of a rotating ring is obvious, while the wave deformation is not, and the taper deformation increases with increasing φ. Whether for the low speed, low pressure or high speed, high pressure mechanical seal, when the selected geometric structure parameters of the end face are φ=0.8-1.6 and γ=0.8-1, the mechanical seal affords good comprehensive performance.