跨境重大自然灾害防灾减灾机制及建议

"一带一路"沿线国家频繁发生的自然灾害严重影响民生安全,制约经济社会发展,成为推进"一带一路"建设的重要威胁之一。基于防灾减灾的文献回顾和现有防灾减灾机制的梳理,解析了"一带一路"沿线跨境重大自然灾害防灾减灾机制并提出了相关建议。研究发现:(1)跨境防灾减灾研究逐渐得到学术界重视,国际研究相对成熟,更注重地理信息技术等技术手段的作用,强调建立评估体系对跨区域灾害进行评判,以完善防灾减灾预警机制;国内研究总体处于起步状态,主要集中在对跨境防灾减灾进行评估并提出相关对策及跨境防灾减灾合作机制研究。(2)现行的跨境重大自然灾害防灾减灾机制主要集中在联合国主导的国际减灾合作机制、防灾减灾的高层互动与外交对话机制、国家间防灾减灾制度框架与管理体系对接、防灾减灾技术与预警的共享机制等4个方面。(3)中国与沿线国家仍需从加强政治互信,建设综合防灾减灾平台,建立合作协商机制,防灾科技走出去等方面加强合作。

The cooperation mechanism of cross-border natural disaster prevention and mitigation

The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is a platform for countries to explore new international economic governance mechanisms, which was proposed by Chinese government in 2013. But the frequent natural disasters along the BRI countries seriously affect people's livelihood security and local economic and social development and become one of the important threats for the construction of BRI. Based on a literature review of existing disaster prevention and mitigation mechanisms, this paper analyzes the cooperation mechanism of cross-border natural disaster prevention and mitigation, and puts forward some suggestions. The study finds, (1) Cross-border disaster prevention and mitigation has gradually attracted research attention, but there are still long way to go in China. On the one hand, the international research is relatively mature, with a significant upward trend since 2010, and pays more attention to the role of geographic information technology and other technical means in the cross-border disaster prevention, and the establishment of an evaluation system to evaluate cross-regional disasters in order to improve the early warning mechanism for the disaster prevention and mitigation. On the other hand, Chinese researches mainly focus on measures and countermeasures based on the evaluation of the regional cross-border disaster prevention and mitigation, and the cooperation mechanisms for the cross-border disaster prevention and reduction. (2) The current cross-border major natural disaster prevention and mitigation mechanisms mainly include four aspects, namely, the international disaster reduction cooperation mechanism under the UN, the high-level interaction and diplomatic dialogue mechanism for disaster prevention and mitigation, the inter-country docking of the disaster prevention and mitigation framework and management system, and the sharing mechanism of disaster prevention and reduction technology. (3) In the future, China and the BRI countries should further promote cooperation in strengthening political mutual trust, building a comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation platform, establishing cooperation and consultation mechanisms, and the sharing of disaster prevention and technology.