地理系统与地理治理

 通过介绍地理科学的基础研究核心--地理系统，梳理了地理系统的组成要素：地理要素、地理空间以及人地系统，说明其独特的系统结构与系统功能。结果表明，地理系统包含了地球表层系统、土地利用系统、人类活动系统与人地耦合系统。地理科学应用研究核心是地理治理。地理治理是国家治理体系的重要组成部分，包含了调查评价、规划设计、地理模拟、地理工程、监测预警。地理治理目前在国家治理体系中的应用体现在国土空间治理方面，主要有自然资源调查、国土空间规划、国土生态修复等。中国地理科学需要创新发展理论、方法和技术体系，为全球的可持续发展做出更大贡献。

Geosystems and geogovernance

As an independent scientific system, the geoscience has experienced the transformation from the geography to the meaningful geoscience. The transformation of its research paradigm is reflected in three aspects: the integration of the whole scientific field and the intersection of the natural science, the social science, the humanity science, the management science, the technical science, the engineering science; the coupling integration and the system simulation of multi-source data of geoelements; the whole chain from the basic research to the applied research. The core of the basic research of the geoscience is the geosystem, which is composed of the geoelements, the geospace and the human-natural system with its unique system structure and functions, including the earth surface system, the land use system, the human activity system and the humannatural coupling systems. The core of the applied research of the geoscience is the geogovernance. Geogovernance is an important part of the national governance system and at present is mainly reflected in the land and space governance in the national governance system, including the general survey of the geoconditions and the geoevaluation, the geoplanning and the geodesign, the geosimulation, the geoengineering, the geomonitoring and the geowarning. The theory, the method and the technology systems should be innovated by Chinesescholars to make a greater contribution to the global sustainable development.