赣南基岩缺水区安全供水示范工程建设的7个科学问题

中国是世界上13个贫水国之一,缺水问题不但在人口集中的华北平原存在,西北荒漠区、西南岩溶区,甚至水资源丰沛的东南地区,也存在饮水困难,特别是在贫水地层分布的基岩山区。基岩缺水区解困方式有集中和分散及其组合多种形式,集中供水的解困效益最为显著,解困难度也最大。以中国地质调查局2017年在赣南扶贫找水实施的兴国县西霞农村集中安全供水示范工程为例,采用实例分析和工程验证的方法,剖析在饮水不安全的基岩山区如何找水、取水、净水、储水、配水、用水、护水等科学问题,并对其概念进行了界定。把科学问题的思考和应用科普化,使工程技术创新、科学问题探索和饮水安全知识科普宣传融合互促,起到了典型示范引领作用。

Seven scientific concepts in the construction of safe water supply demonstration project in bedrock water-scarce areas of southern Jiangxi Province

China is one of the 13 water-scarce countries in the world. The water shortage problem exists not only in the densely populated North China Plain, but also in the northwest desert areas, the southwest karst areas, and even the southeastern region rich in water resources, especially, in poor water areas, distributed with bedrock mountains. There are many ways to solve the bedrock water shortage problems, such as the concentration, the dispersion and the combination. Based on the demonstration project of Xixia Rural Centralized Safe Water Supply in Xingguo County, implemented by the China Geological Survey in 2017 in the move of poverty alleviation in Southern Jiangxi Province, this study adopts the method of the case analysis and the engineering validation, analyzes seven scientific problems of unsafe water in the bedrock mountain areas, that is, how to find water, the drinking water safety of bedrock mountains, the water intake, the water purification, the water storage, the water distribution, the water supply, and the protection of the water. The solutions of the seven scientific problems are found by the innovation of engineering technology and the popularization of drinking water safety knowledge, to serve as a typical demonstration and leading role.