Human body temperature and new approaches to constructing temperature-sensitive bacterial vaccines |
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Authors: | Matthew D White Catharine M Bosio Barry N Duplantis Francis E Nano |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Biomedical Physiology and Kinesiology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada;(2) Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada;(3) Laboratory of Intracellular Parasites, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, NIAID, NIH, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA |
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Abstract: | Many of the live human and animal vaccines that are currently in use are attenuated by virtue of their temperature-sensitive
(TS) replication. These vaccines are able to function because they can take advantage of sites in mammalian bodies that are
cooler than the core temperature, where TS vaccines fail to replicate. In this article, we discuss the distribution of temperature
in the human body, and relate how the temperature differential can be exploited for designing and using TS vaccines. We also
examine how one of the coolest organs of the body, the skin, contains antigen-processing cells that can be targeted to provoke
the desired immune response from a TS vaccine. We describe traditional approaches to making TS vaccines, and highlight new
information and technologies that are being used to create a new generation of engineered TS vaccines. We pay particular attention
to the recently described technology of substituting essential genes from Arctic bacteria for their homologues in mammalian
pathogens as a way of creating TS vaccines. |
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