炎症微环境与肝癌转移

肝癌形成以及肿瘤侵袭和转移过程中癌细胞和癌旁基质之间的相互调节作为一个动态系统已被广泛研究。肝 肿瘤微环境一般分为细胞成分和非细胞成分，细胞成分包括肝实质细胞、肝星状细胞、成纤维细胞、免疫细胞、内 皮细胞、间充质干细胞；非细胞成分包括生长因子、细胞因子、细胞外基质、激素和病毒等。目前研究认为肝脏细 胞成分在经历外界不同刺激后，通过促进细胞坏死、凋亡以及分泌多种蛋白形成炎症微环境，从而参与肝肿瘤的发 生和发展。由于肝细胞癌引起死亡的主要原因是肿瘤的进展和转移，因此深入研究肿瘤转移过程中肝细胞与炎症微 环境之间的相互作用将有助于系统性阐述肝癌转移的分子机理。

Tumor microenvironment and HCC metastasis

The cross-talk between tumor cells and the surrounding peri-tumoral stroma has been extensively studied as a dynamic system involving the processes of hepatocarcinogenesis, tumor invasion and metastasis in recent few decades. Besides hepatocytes, liver tumor microenvironments are generally classified into cellular and non-cellular components, including hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, immune, endothelial, mesenchymal stem cells together with growth factors, cytokines, extracellular matrix (ECM), Hormone as well as virus etc. The non-cellular components manipulate hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and metastasis by facilitating epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), increasing proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and regulating antitumor immunity, etc. Since the main cause of death in HCC patients is tumor progression with metastasis, a better understanding of the interplay between hepatocytes and their environment during tumor metastasis may be helpful for the discovery of novel molecular targets.