微藻生物柴油产业化技术中的若干科学问题及其分析

近年来由于石油资源日益枯竭、环保（尤其是CO2减排的迫切性）等因素，生物能源的开发日益受到人们的重视。生物能源中的一个重要产品是生物柴油，但制约其发展的关键问题是原料严重不足。微藻合成的油脂是一种极有前景的生物柴油大宗原料，微藻生物柴油产业化技术开发已成为近年来国内外生物能源领域及CO2减排领域的研究热点。目前，通过培养能源微藻生产生物柴油的技术路线在实验室虽已打通，但存在的核心问题是生产成本太高且产业化技术方面的研究较少，这是制约微藻生物柴油技术产业化的根本所在。本文首先介绍了利用微藻生产生物柴油的优点和国内外的研究概况，并对存在的问题进行了分析；在此基础上，提出了微藻生物柴油产业化技术的发展思路，并从中提炼出8个方面亟待研究的相关科学问题。

Some Scientific Issues to be Resolved in the Process for Producing Biodiesel from Microalgae

Due to limited stocks of fossil fuels and the need for the environmental protection especially the urgency for reducing the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide emission, the development of bio-energy has attracted more attention in recent years. Biodiesel is one of the most important bio-energy sources, but large-scale production of it is restricted because of the limited sources of raw materials. However, microalgae oil is an extremely prospective raw material for producing biodiesel. Development of commercialization technology for producing biodiesel from microalgae has become a hot topic in the field of bio-energy and CO_2 emission mitigation. Biodiesel from microalgae can be produced in laboratory scale, but the cost is too high. Few studies on the commercialization technology of biodiesel from microalgae had been reported. In addition, there is no experimental data on the cost for large scale production of biodiesel from microalgae in the literature. The factors above are the major limitation in commercializing biodiesel from microalgae. In this paper, advantages and progress on the research and development of biodiesel from microalgae at home and aboard are introduced firstly. Then existing challenges are discussed. Based on the detailed analysis, novel strategies of commercialization technology for producing biodiesel from microalgae are proposed and eight scientific issues to be resolved in the process are also proposed.