反向叠加应力法无损检测焊接残余应力

评述了焊接残余力检测常用方法的原理，适用范围和优缺点。利用结构钢中存在着一定程度的拉压异性，探索焊接残余应力无损测试的新方法。即利用碳素结构钢的拉伸，压缩弹性模量或拉，压状态下的泊松比存在大约3％的差值，进行了用反向叠加应力法无损检测焊接残余应力的研究，并将实验所得到的焊接残余应力值与盲孔法所得值进行比较。结果表明：建立在碳素结构钢拉压异性基础上的反向叠加应力无损检测法，在一定的条件下可用于测定焊接残余应力，具有简便，有效，精度高的特点。

Application of Nondestructive Inspection Method to Measuring Welding Residual Stress According to Different Elastic Moduluses in Tension and Compression of Structural Steel

Some main methods for measuring welding residual stresses are discussed and the principles based, ranges of their applications as well as their merits are analyzed. According to the different material elastic moduluses and strain ratios in tension and compression within elastic range, it is pointed out that the welding residual stresses may be measured nondestructively. The method is studied experimentally for measuring the longitudinal residual stresses in butt weld joint made of mild steel plate based the 3% difference of elastic modulus in tension and compression for the materials and the results obtained are compared with that resulted with blind hole method. The results obtained from the experiment showed that the residual stresses in butt joint could be measured nondestructively based on this difference in elastic moduluses for carbon structural steel under certain condition. The test shows the validity and high accuracy of this method.