我国中部地区不同等级城市零售业空间布局特征研究

以我国中部地区的武汉、襄阳和宜都3个不同规模的城市为例, 通过提取零售业空间分布的大数据, 并采用空间统计方法, 分析不同等级城市零售业空间布局特征及影响因素。结果表明: 1) 特大城市武汉的零售业布局呈多中心、多圈层状分布; 中等城市襄阳的零售业布局呈现单中心的分布特征; 小城市宜都呈现分散布局的特征, 尚未形成零售主中心; 城市等级越高, 其零售圈层愈明确; 2) 不同零售业类型在城市的集聚程度呈现综合零售>专业专卖店>超级市场>单一零售的特点; 3) 人口规模、交通可达性、零售业类型和绿地可达性是影响零售业在城市空间布局的主要因素。通过分析不同等级城市零售业的布局特征与存在的问题, 可为城市零售业布局规划提供科学基础。

Spatial Characteristics of Retail Stores in Multiple-Size of Cities in the Central Region of China

Three cities (Wuhan, Xiangyang, and Yidu) were selected as samples of three typical sizes of cities (large, medium, and small) in China to study the spatial layout of retail stores. The authors analyzed the spatial characteristics of different types of retail stores and the influential factors of their spatial distributions using tools of spatial statistics, based on big data of retail stores from the Baidu map. The results show that the spatial distribution of retail stores in the large city of Wuhan shows the characteristics of multi-center and multi-layer, while Xiangyang, the medium-sized city, shows a single center layout, and Yidu, the small city, shows dispersed layout. The agglomeration levels of different types of retail stores show a sequence: integrated retail store > professional retail store > supermarket > special retail store. Population size, transportation accessibility, types of retailing, and green-space accessibility are the main factors which affect the spatial distributions of retail stores. The results can provide the scientific basis for spatial planning and optimization of retail stores in multiple sizes of cities.