基于层次分析法对柳树观赏性及适应性的综合评价

目的 对柳树落叶后枝条颜色、观赏性状、适应性、育性等进行综合评价,为观赏柳树种质资源筛选和新品种选育提供参考依据。方法 选择20个枝条颜色丰富的柳树无性系作为试验材料,根据层次分析法(AHP),设置观赏性、适应性2个目标层,在此基础上设置11个因子层,对各指标进行量化打分,确定各评价指标的权重值和赋值,初步建立基于柳树枝条皮色、树形、育性等的观赏性状和保存率、萌芽性等适应性的评价层次结构模型,以筛选出观赏性状优良、适应性好的柳树新品种。结果 因子层中各指标对总目标的权重大小排序为:主干颜色(F3)>小枝颜色(F4)>株高(F1)>雌雄花的育性(F7)>抗病性(F9)>生长保存率(F8)>干型(F2)>萌芽早晚(F10)>分枝数(F6)>分枝角度(F5)>开花早晚(F11)。主干颜色(F3)、小枝颜色(F4)、株高(F1)对柳树的观赏性贡献较大,权重值分别为0.281 3、0.193 0、0.127 7,是综合评价柳树观赏性状的主要指标。参试无性系中,宫布氏柳77、78、85、80观赏价值高,可选为红黄色系彩枝柳树品种。结论 本研究对宫布氏柳、杞柳、黄花柳、钻石柳、花叶柳、欧洲红皮柳等优良柳树无性系进行综合评价,利用层次分析法构建结构模型,筛选的优良彩枝柳树对观赏柳树的品种选育及遗传改良可提供重要参考价值。

A comprehensive evaluation of ornamental characteristics and adaptability of willows based on analytic hierarchy processes

【Objective】The color of willow branches is diverse, but the branches of cultivated willows are dark in winter, and the floating catkins, while necessary for reproduction, are troublesome to handle. Therefore, the comprehensive evaluation of ornamental traits, such as branch color after leaves have fallen, adaptability, and fertility, serves as an important basis for the selection of ornamental willow germplasm resources and the selection of new varieties. 【Method】 Twenty willow clones with various branch colors and ornamental values were selected as experimental materials. According to the analytic hierarchy process, two target layers were set: ornamental and adaptability. On this basis, 11 factor layers were set up. Indicators were scored quantitatively, and the weight value and assignment of each evaluation indicator were determined. The preliminary establishment of the evaluation hierarchy model (based on differences in observation characteristics such as stem type, branch color, fertility, adaptability, preservation rate, and germination) was used to evaluate new willow clones with stable ornamental characteristics and good adaptability in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, China.【Result】 The weight ranking of each index in the factor layer to the total target was as follows: trunk color (F3)> twig color (F4)> plant height (F1)> catkin fertility (F7)> disease and insect resistance index (F9)> growth preservation rate (F8)> stem style (F2)> germination time (F10)> branch number (F6)> branch angle (F5)> flowering time (F11). Trunk color (F3), twig color (F4), and plant height (F1) contributed significantly to the ornamental properties of willow clones, with weights of 0.281 3, 0.193 0, and 0.127 7, respectively; these are the main indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of ornamental traits. The results showed that Salix miyabeana 78, 77, 85 and 80 clones can be selected as red-yellow color-branched willow clones, which have high ornamental values.【Conclusion】 In this study, we used the analytic hierarchy process to construct a structural model to comprehensively evaluate superior willow clones such as Salix miyabeana, S. integra, S. caprea, S. eriocephala, S. integra, S. integra ‘Hakuro Nishiki’, and S. purpurea. The selected colorful willow trees have an important reference basis for the genetic improvement of ornamental willow clones.