弗吉尼亚栎种子化学成分特征及其对立地土壤条件的响应 |
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引用本文: | 李庆杨,王树凤,吴书天,王若辉,施翔,莫润宏,刘毅华. 弗吉尼亚栎种子化学成分特征及其对立地土壤条件的响应[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 45(6): 111. DOI: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202012017 |
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作者姓名: | 李庆杨 王树凤 吴书天 王若辉 施翔 莫润宏 刘毅华 |
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作者单位: | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州 311400 |
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基金项目: | 中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2018SZ001);浙江省“十三五”农业(林木新品种选育重大科技专项)(2016C02056-9);浙江省“十三五”农业(林木新品种选育重大科技专项)(2016C02056-11) |
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摘 要: | 目的 研究不同立地条件下弗吉尼亚栎(Quercus virginiana)种子中多个化学成分含量, 揭示弗吉尼亚栎种子化学成分特点, 以及土壤因子对其影响, 为弗吉尼亚栎的开发利用提供科学依据。方法 以弗吉尼亚栎种子为实验材料, 采用分光光度法、GC-FID、ICP-MS法等测定种子中淀粉、脂肪酸、矿质元素等, 运用方差分析比较地区间弗吉尼亚栎种子化学成分的差异, 进一步基于相关性分析法揭示不同土壤立地条件对种子成分的影响效应。结果 弗吉尼亚栎种子淀粉含量(质量分数)为56.59%~68.59%, 支链淀粉(61.74%)占比显著高于直链淀粉(38.26%),单宁含量平均为30.14 mg/mL;种子油脂含量(质量分数)最高可达11.36%, 共含有10种脂肪酸, 其中油酸是主要的不饱和脂肪酸(含量超过50%), 维生素E含量平均为358.44 mg/kg, 以γ-VE构型为主(97%); 每100 g种子中检测出的15种氨基酸总量为4 250.00~4 723.17 mg;种子中富含K、Ca、P等大量矿质元素,K的含量最高,平均达到6 460.20 mg/kg,微量元素中Na含量最高,为40.87 mg/kg;种子成分中单宁、含油率、必需氨基酸等地理有分布差异,其中单宁含量和含油率对立地土壤的响应最明显, 复相关系数分别为0.937、0.941;土壤因子中主要表现为土壤盐度的影响最广,与种子中单宁、含油率、饱和脂肪酸等多个成分都有显著的相关性。结论 弗吉尼亚栎种子含油率较其他栎树种子的高, 且富含淀粉、不饱和脂肪酸、氨基酸、矿质元素等, 具有良好的工业开发利用前景;种子中单宁等成分对不同立地土壤的响应较为显著,主要受土壤中盐度的影响。本研究结果可对弗吉尼亚栎的种植选址、多功能利用以及弗吉尼亚栎种子的精深加工提供一定的理论参考。
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关 键 词: | 弗吉尼亚栎 种子 化学成分 立地土壤条件 |
收稿时间: | 2020-12-10 |
Chemical compositions of Quercus virginiana seeds and their responses to soil property |
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Abstract: | 【Objective】 To provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Quercus virginiana, the chemical compositions of Q. virginiana seeds collected from different regions of China were investigated and the responses of these compositions to various soil site conditions were also studied. 【Method】 The chemical compositions of seeds from Q. virginiana were analyzed by spectrophotometry, GC-FID, ICP-MS, and so on. The differences in chemical compositions among the different regions were compared based on the variance analysis. In addition, the effects of site conditions on the chemical compositions were also revealed by the correlation analysis. 【Result】 The results showed that the starch content of Q. virginiana seeds ranged from 56.59% to 68.59% and that the proportion of amylopectin (61.74%) was significantly higher than that of amylose (38.26%). The average tannin was 30.14 mg/mL. The oil content of Q. virginiana seeds was as high as 11.36%. In addition, 10 fatty acids were found in the oil, among which oleic acid was dominant (more than 50%). The average vitamin E amount was 358.44 mg/kg, and γ-VE was the main configuration (more than 97%). The total contents of 15 amino acids ranged from 4 250.00 to 4 723.17 mg per 100 g. Moreover, the seeds contained abundant microelements including K, Ca and P, the content of K was 6 460.20 mg/kg, while microelements such as Cu, Fe and Na, among them, the content of Na is the hightest, which was 40.87 mg/kg. The coefficients of variation of the chemical compositions among different regions, in which tannin and the oil content showed a relatively notable response to the site conditions, with complex correlation coefficients of 0.937 and 0.941, respectively. Soil factors mainly show that soil salinity has the most extensive influence and is significantly correlated with tannin, oil content, saturated fatty acid, and other components in Q. virginiana seeds. 【Conclusion】 The oil content of Q. virginiana seeds was higher than that of other seeds found in the literature. On the other hand, these seeds were rich in starch, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and mineral elements, which allow for the broad exploitation and utilization prospects of Q. virginiana seeds. Some chemical compositions in the seeds, especially tannins, had significant responses to site conditions. The response effects were mainly due to the salinity of the soil. This study provides a theoretical basis for the selection of planting area, multi-functional utilization, and precise processing of Q. virginiana seeds. |
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Keywords: | Quercus virginiana seed chemical composition soil property |
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