斗争与融合：契约华工与秘鲁华人社会的形成

19世纪中后期，大量华人劳工以“苦力贸易”的形式来到秘鲁，这种劳动力的跨国迁移，有两种驱动力量，一种是“拉力”，即秘鲁国内的劳动力不能满足经济发展的需求；另一种是“推力”，即当时中国经历了太平天国战乱，民生凋敝、大量贫农被拐骗到秘鲁。在秘鲁务工时，华工遭到残酷虐待和压榨，这激起了他们的反抗。在坚持不懈的斗争中，华工赢得了自己在秘鲁社会平等的地位，秘鲁华人社会由此形成，华人并由此成为当地的强势族群。

Contract Laborers and the Formation of Chinese Community in Peru

In the middle and late of 19th, a flood of Chinese workers came to Peru in the form of ＂Labor Trade＂. The transnational migration of the labor had two driving forces. One is ＂Pull＂, which was due to the fact that the labor at home in Peru couldn＇ t meet the demand of economic development. The other is ＂Push＂, which was due to the social upheaval in China. China witnessed Taiping Rebellion, people liv- ing in destitution at that time. A lot of poor peasants were cheated and lured by middlemen to leave their country to make their living. Once working in Peru, Chinese workers were cruelly abused and oppressed. The unfair treatment ignited their resistance. The Chinese workers won equal social position over the years of struggle.