杉木树冠形态结构的初步研究

<正>在福建洋口和江苏宜兴地区调查研究了3—23年生杉木树冠的形态结构。杉木的树冠外形随年龄阶段而变化,幼龄、壮龄时期树冠近似圆锥形,中龄时近似旋转抛物体形,成熟龄时近似圆台形。杉木年发生的枝盘数,决定于高生长;高生长旺盛期平均可发生5—6盘枝条。其分枝角度与枝条年龄有关,枝龄小的约55°—75°,枝龄大的可达90°以上。 杉木树冠长度与宽度随林木直径大小而变化,树冠的发育过程与密度密切相关。密度大的林分,阻碍树冠的发育,从而降低了林木的生长量,因此必须及时进行抚育间伐。 合理的树冠结构应该具有较大的有效树冠系数和叶面积密度。在高生长旺盛期,树冠层更新快,有效树冠系数高,叶面积密度大,利用空间的效率高,因而必须采取促进树高生长的营林措施,以改善树冠结构,提高杉木林的生产率。

A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE CROWN STRUCTURE OF CHINESE FIR (CUNNINGHAMIA LANCEOLATA)

Crown structure of 3 to 23 years old Chinese firs in Fujian and Jiangsu Provinces have been investigated, It was found that the crown form of the Chinese fir varies with their ages. The width, length and volume of the crown are closely related to the trunk diameter and stand density. The crown effective coefficient and the leaf area density are mainly dependent on the height of trees.Based on their observation, the authors of this paper suggest that silvicultural measures for height increment be adopted in order to increase the crown effective cofficient and the leaf area density.