灾害扩散实时影响下的应急疏散路径选择模型

应急疏散的目的是要在灾害发生时将处于危险地带的人群尽快转移至安全地带.由于灾害的扩散,疏散网络中各弧段上的路况将不断恶化,且不同的弧段受到灾害扩散影响的程度也将不同.为此,在提出的应急疏散路径选择模型中,将通过疏散路径所需的总疏散时间最短作为优化目标,将各弧段上的通行速度表示为关于时间的连续递减函数,并对不同弧段的速度函数设置了不同的衰减参数.设计了求解这一时变最短路问题的改进Dijkstra算法并给出了算法的正确性证明,仿真实例说明了模型和算法的有效性和可行性.

Route Selection Model in Emergency Evacuation under Real Time Effect of Disaster Extension

The aim of emergency evacuation is to remove residents from the dangerous area to safety as quickly as possible. The travel condition on each arc of the evacuation network will deteriorate continuously due to disaster extension, and different arcs will be affected to different extent. In the proposed model for route selection in emergency evacuation, the objective was to minimize total evacuation time along a route. The speed on each arc was presented as a continuous decrease function with respect to time, and different parameters were set to the speed decrease functions on the arcs. A modified Dijkstra algorithm was designed to solve the time-varied shortest path problem presented in the model. The correctness of the algorithm was proved. Simulation results show the effectiveness and feasibility of the model and algorithm.