干旱区人类活动指数的动态研究--以塔里木河流域1978～2000年县级区为例

以人类活动指数来综合反映干旱区人类水土资源开发利用活动的能力，构建出反映这一区域人类活动特点的评价指标体系，设计了一套较完整的计算干旱区动态的人类活动指数的计算模式，这套计算方法不仅能反映评价单元人类活动强度的时序演变过程，也反映出各评价单元之间的差异．通过以典型干旱区——塔里木河流域县级区作为评价单元，选择1978～2000年间6个评价时段点计算研究区40个评价单元人类活动指数．结果表明，近20年中各评价单元人类活动强度普遍为增进过程，但增加幅度不同；增加较大的单元分布在水土组合条件好的源流区，增加较小单元位于水分条件较差和环境恶劣的区域；各评价单元人类活动指数差距很大，近20年间这种差距略有缩小，表明干旱区人类活动的定量研究结果有利于人类生态环境管理．

Study on the dynamic index of human activities in arid areas--with reference to the Tarim River Basin in 1978～2000

A quantitative study of the capacity of human activities on water and land resource has been studied in this paper by using the human activities index (I) in arid areas. A methodology for calculating I in a multidimensional scale is given. This method evaluates not only the temporal changes in the intensity of human activities for estimate units but also the differences among the units. By taking the counties in the Tarim River Basin, a typical arid area, as the estimate units, the 1978-2000 a as the study period, I are calculated for the 40 units and 6 phases. The results show that the intensities are increasing in all units in the recent 20 years, but the increasing extents are different spatially. The units with a high extent are located in good assembled conditions of water and land such as the headstream area and vice versa. The results also show that the spatial differences are remarkable in this basin and that the differences have slightly decreased in the past 20 years.