围海及填海造地的起因、发展及问题

当前的填海造地浪潮，是由于海陆地价差距巨大引起的。填海造地的经济效益，要站在全局角度用发展的眼光来看待，不能仅从陆地地价和填海造地成本的差价来估算，还应该考虑由此造成的海洋和陆地环境影响产生的经济损失、过量的土石方用量、造地完成后的后期维护费用等方面。填海造地面积应小于上升效益极限填海面积。大面积填海造地，特别是在水深过大的海域填海造地，可能会产生负的经济效益。

The reasons,development and problems of the land reclamation

The big wave of land reclamation nowadays is mainly caused by the great gap between the price of the land reclaimed from the sea and the land. The economic benefit of reclamation should be considered from the overall situation with the vision of development. In other words, it should be not only estimated from the price difference of the cost between land and land reclamation, but also other factors such as the economic loss generated by marine and land environment impact, which the excessive quantity of earth-rock and the maintenance expense after the reclamation project should be taken into account. The reclamation area should be smaller than the reclamation area of rising benefit limit. Land reclamation especially reclaimed in rather deep waters, for a large area, would lead to negative economic benefit.