豆科植物的生物多样性和生态适应性

豆科植物在提供人类植物蛋白、保持食物的均衡营养中发挥了重要作用，是全球最具经济重要性的植物大科之一。本文着重讨论了豆科(Leguminosae)植物，尤其是蝶形花亚科(Papilionoideae)植物在不同环境中的农艺性状、固氮和生化成分的多样性和生态适应性。虽然有些特点如硬实、固氮和抗营养化合物等在农艺学、光合产物积累和种子的加工和食用方面是不利的，但这些特征对物种资源本身的生存和繁衍有非常重要的作用。这使得这些物种在生态系统中具有大量而广泛的分布，以及很强的适应性。因此，发现和利用豆科植物在逆境条件下的耐性和抗性，探讨其适应性机理，对于保持生物多样性和对环境的耐性具有重要和现实意义。

Biodiversity and ecoadaptability of Leguminosae

Legumes play an important role in providing the mankind’s food and keeping the food equilibrium in nourishment, belonging to one of the most economic important and biggest families i.e. Leguminosae. This review emphasizes on discussing the diversity and ecoadaptability of the environment on botanical features, nitrogen fixation and biochemical components of Leguminosae, especially legumes in the Papilionoideae. Though these features such as hard seeds, nitrogen fixation and anti-nutritional compounds (ANCs) are disadvantageous in the aspects of agronomy, photosytherate accumulation and the processing and consuming of seed, they may have very important functions in germplasm existence, multiplying and survive to the different circumstances, which had kept the abundant and distribute ecosystem adaptability of these species extensively. It is important and realistic to discover and utilize of tolerance and resistance to the stress circumstances of Leguminosae, and study and inquiry into its adaptability mechanism for keeping biodiversity and tolerance breeding of these plants.