碳基材料在电催化还原CO2中的应用

电催化还原CO₂能够将CO₂转换成高附加值的化学品或燃料，该工艺是一种缓解能源危机和全球变暖的理想途径。但由于缺乏性能优异、价格低廉、环境友好的催化剂，该途径的实用化仍具挑战性。碳基催化剂因具有资源丰富、导电性好、比表面积大、环境友好等优点而被广泛应用于多种催化反应中。目前报道的系列碳基催化剂在CO₂还原反应中也展现出极好的催化性能和应用潜力。综述了N原子掺杂、构造缺陷、单原子负载和金属纳米颗粒负载等手段对碳基材料电催化还原CO₂性能的影响及其催化机制，并总结了电催化还原CO₂所面临的挑战。同时对未来碳基电催化剂的合成及发展进行了展望。

Application of Carbon-based Materials in Electrochemical Reduction of CO2

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ can convert CO₂ into high value-added chemicals or fuels and is an ideal way to alleviate the energy crisis and global warming. However, due to the lack of catalysts with excellent performance, low price and environmental friendliness, the practical application of this approach is still challenging. Carbon-based catalysts are widely used in various catalytic reactions due to their advantages of rich resources, good electrical conductivity, large specific surface area, and environmental friendliness. The currently reported carbon-based catalysts also show excellent catalytic performance and application potential in CO₂ reduction reaction. The effects of nitrogen doping, structural defects, single atom loading, and metal nanoparticle loading on the performance of carbon-based materials for the electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ and the catalytic mechanism are reviewed. Meanwhile, the future synthesis and development of carbon-based electrocatalysts are prospected.