微纳结构硅在锂离子电池中的研究现状

近年来，随着人们对能量需求的日益增大，已商业化应用的石墨电极已经很难满足高性能电子产品对高能量密度的需求，因此发展高能量密度的锂离子电池显得尤为重要。在已研究的先进材料中，硅已被证明存在巨大的储能潜力，其理论比容量（约4 200 mA·h·g^-1）远高于已商业化应用的石墨类电极材料。对锂离子电池中硅电极材料的微纳结构、制备方法、电化学性能及相关机理进行了总结，目的是研究不同结构的硅电极材料对电池性能的影响，以找到性能较为优异的硅电极结构。结果表明，在已被研究的硅基复合材料中，核壳结构和多壁纳米管结构硅电极材料在电化学性能方面均体现出了明显的优势。最后简要分析了硅基电极材料发展中存在的问题，并对其研究前景进行了展望。

Research Status of Micro-nano Structured Silicon in Lithium-ion Batteries

In recent years, with the growing demand for energy, it''s difficult for graphite electrodes which have been commercialized to meet the high energy density requirements for high performance electronic products, so the development of high-capacity lithium-ion battery is particularly important. Nowadays, silicon as the advanced materials have been proven to have huge potential for storage, and its high theoretical specific capacity (about 4 200 mA·h·g^-1) is much higher than that of graphite electrodes which have been commercialized. In this paper, the micro-nano structure, preparation method, electrochemical properties and related mechanism of silicon electrode materials are summarized. The aim was to sum up the effect of different structure silicon electrode materials on the battery performance and to find the silicon electrode structure which has more excellent performance. Finally, we have found that the core-shell structure and the multi-walled nanotube structure have shown good performance advantage in the various micro-nanostructured silicon-based composites that have been studied. At the end of the article, a brief analysis of the problems in the development of silicon-based electrode materials is presented, and the prospect of the research is also discussed.