复杂目标浅层地震反射法观测技术

系统地研究了复杂介质条件下浅层地震反射法探测中，多次覆盖、最佳时窗、最佳偏移距及极小偏移距等观测技术在探测复杂目标特别是小目标时存在的局限性；研究了如何获取和识别浅层特别是超浅层介质中复杂目标的有效反射波、提高分辨率的问题．此外，针对水平层状介质模型的理论时距曲线，分析了最佳时窗技术应用中最佳偏移距选择的问题，对水平薄层模型的3种等偏移观测曲线进行了比较分析．针对浅层反射法探测的特点，提出了一种新的反射波观测技术--多偏移距等偏移观测方法。以提高浅层反射波法分辨复杂目标的能力，这对于增强浅层地震反射法解决浅层特别是超浅层介质探测的适应性有重要的理论意义和实际意义．实践结果表明，这种方法是行之有效的．

Shallow seismic reflection survey technique to complicated object

The limitations of observation systems to the resolution of the complicated object used in shallow seismic reflection method in the complicated seism geological condition including multiplecoverage technique, best time window technique, best offset technique and minimum offset technique are studied systematically. How to get and resolve the reflection wave from the complicated object in shallow media effectively is studied in this paper. Some problems of the choice of the best offset technique in the application of the best time window technique to the complicated object is analyzed through the study of the time path to horizontal layered media, also the observation curve of the model to the thin bed with three offsets is analyzed. According to the characteristics of shallow seismic wave survey, the authors put forward a new technique, the method of common offset observation with multiple offsets to the shallow seismic reflection wave survey, with the purpose of enlarging the capability of the shallow seismic method to prospecting the shallow and complicated object. A field example is presented to explain the effectiveness of this method.