大气甲醛时空特征与影响因素分析——以中国主要经济区为例

基于2007—2018年臭氧监测仪甲醛数据,探讨了京津冀、长三角、粤港澳3个主要经济区的大气甲醛柱浓度时空分布特征,并对比分析了不同自然条件和人类活动因素对主要经济区大气甲醛浓度演变的影响关系。结果表明:2007—2018年主要经济区大气甲醛年均柱浓度总体呈增长趋势,变化经历了快速增长、缓慢回落、平稳发展和迅速反弹4个阶段,多年甲醛平均浓度表现为粤港澳>长三角>京津冀,甲醛浓度变化有明显的季节性,表现为夏秋高、春冬低。空间分布特征表明,京津冀地区大气甲醛东南高、西北低;长三角中部和西部地区甲醛柱浓度较高,并由内陆向沿海地区递减;粤港澳地区广州、佛山两地大气甲醛柱浓度较高,同样表现为内陆向沿海递减。自然影响因素中,地形是影响大气甲醛空间分布特征的重要影响因素,温度、降水和植被与大气甲醛浓度的季节性变化有较强的关联。影响京津冀、长三角和粤港澳地区大气甲醛变化最主要的人为因素分别为工业活动、交通运输和第二产业发展。

Estimation and Prediction of Vegetation Ecological Water Demand in Arid Region of Northwest China under Climate Change

Based on the OMI formaldehyde products from 2007 to 2018, we analyzes the effects of different natural conditions and human activity factors on the concentration and spatial distribution of atmospheric formaldehyde in the major economic zones ,and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of atmospheric formaldehyde column concentrations in three major economic zones of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-HongKong-Macau were discussed.The results show that the annual average column concentration of atmospheric formaldehyde in major economic zones from 2007 to 2018 showed an increasing trend, which experienced four stages: rapid growth, slow decline, steady development and rapid rebound, and the average concentration of formaldehyde for many years is as follows: Guangdong-HongKong-Macau > Yangtze River Delta > Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei.; The change of formaldehyde concentration has obvious seasonality, which is high in summer and autumn and low in spring and winter.The spatial distribution showed that atmospheric formaldehyde in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was high in the southeast and low in the northwest; the concentration of formaldehyde in the central and western Yangtze River Delta was higher, and there was a decreasing trend from inland to coastal areas; in Guangdong-HongKong-Macau, concentration of atmospheric formaldehyde in Guangzhou and Foshan was higher, which also showed a decrease from inland to coastal areas. Among the natural influencing factors, terrain is an important influencing factor that affects the spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric formaldehyde. Temperature, precipitation and vegetation have a strong correlation with seasonal changes in atmospheric formaldehyde concentration. he main human factors affecting the changes in atmospheric formaldehyde in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Guangdong-HongKong-Macau regions are industrial activities, transportation and the development of the secondary industry.