真空渗碳炉加热系统结构优化数值模拟研究

为了优化加热系统结构，保证真空渗碳炉加热性能，采用COMSOL有限元软件建立真空渗碳炉加热过程数值模型，分析了加热系统中石墨加热管的数量、长度和分布半径等关键结构参数对工件表面热流密度、有效加热区温度分布的影响规律.模拟结果表明:加热功率恒定，减小加热管数量、长度和分布半径均可以使工件表面热流密度增大，加热效率提高;将加热管数量设为偶数，并适当减小加热管长度，增加加热管分布半径可以显著改善有效加热区内温度分布均匀性.该研究结果对真空渗碳炉加热系统结构设计优化具有一定指导意义.

Numerical Simulation to Optimize Heating System in Vacuum Carburizing Furnace

In order to optimize the structure of heating system and improve heating efficiency， a numerical model was built to study heating transfer in vacuum carburizing furnace using COMSOL finite element software. The effects of key structural parameters such as number， length and distribution radius of graphite heating tube on the heat flux of workpiece surface and the temperature distribution of effective heating zone were studied. The results show that when the number， length and distribution radius of heating tubes decrease， the heat flux density increases and the heating efficiency improves. Moreover， when setting the number of heating tubes into even， decreasing the length and increasing the distribution radius can improve the temperature uniformity in effective heating zone. The findings can provide guidelines to optimize the structure of heating system in vacuum carburizing furnace.