滩涂生态牧场构建与展望

近年来,我国近海生物资源利用面临着重大转型与升级。在我国大力发展海洋牧场的背景下,拓展海洋牧场的发展区域尤为重要。本文首先分析了我国近海滩涂生物资源的利用现状,指出以传统滩涂贝类养殖方式为主的滩涂资源利用方式亟待转变。因此,在生态学原理指导下,使用各种工程技术手段,保护和增殖滩涂生物资源,发展滩涂生态牧场是海洋牧场建设的重要内容。根据生态系统类型的不同,滩涂生态牧场可分为滩涂贝类、牡蛎礁、海草床和红树林四种类型。此外,进行滩涂生态牧场构建时,需重点研发牧场选址技术、苗种培育技术、牧场环境监测技术、生态承载力评估技术和高效采捕技术等。在发展滩涂生态牧场的基础上,陆海统筹构建盐碱地生态农场、滩涂生态农牧场和海洋生态牧场,发展海岸带生态农牧场,是未来海洋牧场发展的重要方向。

Construction of ecological tidal flat ranch and research prospect

At present, the utilization of living marine resources needs transition and upgrading. It is particularly important to expand the area of marine ranching under the background of marine ranching development in China. In this study, we summarize the utilization status of coastal bioresources, and point out that the utilization of tidal flat resources mainly relying on traditional mudflat bivalve culture should be changed. Therefore, in order to protect and breed tidal flat organisms, the construction of tidal flat ranching by engineering technology under the guidance of ecological principles should be carried out. Tidal flat ranch can be classified into four categorizes based on their ecosystem types, including tidal flat mollusk, oyster reef, seagrass bed and mangrove. In addition, the key technology for site selection, seed breeding, environmental monitoring, ecological carrying capacity evaluation and efficient harvesting should be developed when constructing the tidal flat ranching. On this basis, the construction of coastal ecological farm which includes saline land ranch, tidal flat ranch and marine ranch will be an important direction of marine ranching.