用于45#钢丝拉拔加工的叠层陶瓷拉拔模具磨损分析

为研究45#钢丝拉拔加工过程中受力和Al₂O₃-TiC/Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂叠层陶瓷拉拔模具磨损情况，采用真空热压烧结方式制备Al₂O₃-TiC/Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂叠层陶瓷拉拔模具，并将其固定在万能拉伸试验机上进行钢丝拉拔实验。 采用三维造型软件SolidWorks建立钢丝坯料和拉拔模具的有限元模型，通过有限元模拟软件对钢丝拉拔成形过程进行仿真分析，得到45#钢丝在变形过程中的轴向应力、应变以及拉拔力的变化情况。 扫描电镜（SEM）及能量弥散X射线谱（EDS）观察拉拔模具磨损后的微观形貌。 结果表明:叠层陶瓷拉拔模具工作区的Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂材料层比Al₂O₃-TiC材料层磨损严重，Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂材料层的固体润滑膜被拖覆到Al₂O₃-TiC材料层，模具整体具有自润滑性能。 实际测量拉拔力与公式计算所得拉拔力相吻合，模拟所得拉拔力比实际测量拉拔力小。 

Wear Conditions of Laminated Ceramic Drawing Die Used for 45# Steel Wire Drawing Process

In order to analyze wire drawing force and wear conditions of laminated ceramic drawing die in 45^# steel wire drawing process, Al₂O₃-TiC/Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂ laminated ceramic drawing die was prepared in vacuum hot pressing method. The drawing die was fixed on the universal drawing test machine for drawing experiment. The finite element models of 45^# steel wire and wire drawing die were built with SolidWorks and simulation analysis of drawing process were done with FEM simulation software. The axial stress, strain distribution and drawing force during deformation were got. The microstructure of the worn drawing die was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the composition was investigated by energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS). Results show that the wear conditions of Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂ material layers were serious than Al₂O₃-TiC. And because of the dragging effect, solid lubricating films formed in Al₂O₃-TiC-CaF₂ material layers covered on Al₂O₃-TiC material layers. The drawing die owes self lubricating performance. The drawing force achieved by actual measurement coincided with the one calculated by formula, and the simulation result of drawing force was smaller than the measurement value.