白头叶猴一个野生多雄多雌群的优势等级、亲密程度和梳理模式

白头叶猴社会行为谱包括性行为、友好行为和争斗行为3类,对G群中取代和臣服行为的分析发现,有3只公猴的地位最高,它们之间又呈线性等级关系,其他个体间的关系则比较复杂不呈线性。个体间亲密系数的聚类分析结果显示母猴间的关系最为亲密,地位最高的2只成年公猴之间存在着联盟关系。母猴是主要的梳理者,梳理其他个体的次数占70.7%,而未成年公猴主要接受梳理,它们梳理其他个体的次数只占2.8%,而被梳理的次数却占33.1%。2只成年公猴之间以及与母猴之间的具有倾向性的梳理关系是和等级关系相一致的。白头叶猴两性的社会行为存在明显差异。公猴积极参与到群间争斗中,保卫群中个体的安全以及领域,这些行为更符合配偶保卫假说。

Hierarchy,Association and Grooming Pattern in a Multi-male Group of White-headed Langurs (Presbytis francoisi leucocephalus) in Luobai,Guangxi,China

G-group is a multi-male group located in Luobai,south of China.Ethogram of social behaviors including sexual behavior,affinitive behavior and aggressive behavior,is presented with descriptions of social context and social function.Episodes of supplanting and submissive interactions were recorded to determine dominance relations among G-group members.Three males,including two adult male and one sub adult male,are the most dominant ones in G-group with a linear dominance among themselves.However,dominance relations among females and other males are more complex and poorly differentiated.The cluster analysis of index of Familiarity between G-group members shows that:index of familiarity between females are the highest,two dominant adult males form coalition,and relations among non-adult males are closer than with other members.Females in G-group are roomers in about 70.7% of the total bouts and groom others more than expected by chance.Instead,non-adult males are in general groomed.The bouts they groom others are about 2.8% of total bouts,but they receive grooming in about 33.1% of the total bouts.The biased grooming between adult males and females consist with the hierarchy.There is apparent difference between social behaviors of two sexes.Intergroup antagonism is entirely male's affair,and they protect the safety of group and territories actively.These behavior primarily serve the function of defend females just as the Mate defense hypothesis.