气炮发射获得超高速碰撞器的数值模拟研究进展

航天器结构防护的实验研究需要将克量级的金属飞片加速到10 km/s左右的超高速状态,目前中国工程物理研究院流体物理研究所在二级轻气炮装置上对这一关键技术取得了突破性进展,成功将克量级的LY12铝飞片驱动加速到11.0 km/s,将克量级的高密度Ta和Pt飞片分别驱动加速到约10.0 km/s和9.0 km/s.本文简要回顾了我们近年来的实验研究结果,并利用研制的高精度MFPPM计算程序对气炮加载驱动超高速飞片过程进行数值模拟,给出的飞片自由面速度与实验测量结果基本一致.考虑到超高速碰撞效应涉及物质熔化、汽化和等离子状态等宽区物态方程问题,进一步发展了具有自主知识产权的LSFC欧拉型计算程序,在气炮加载驱动超高速飞片问题中对其进行了验证,其计算结果与MFPPM的计算结果基本吻合,拟进一步发展后将其应用于超高速空间碎片及其防护的数值模拟研究.

The gas gun launch advances in numerical simulation of hypervelocity impact

In the experimental researches of spacecraft shield structure, it is necessary to launch metal flyers with mass of gram-order to hypervelocity about 10 km/s. Researchers in Institute of Fluid Physics of CAEP have already made a breakthrough of this key technique on the two-stage light gas gun facility. Under laboratory conditions, a LY12 aluminum flyer with mass of gram-order can be driven and accelerated to 11.0 kin/s, and Ta and Pt metal flyers with same mass magnitude and higher densities to 10.0 km/s and 9.0 krn/s, respectively. Further development on experimental techniques to drive flyers to even higher velocity is expected. In this paper, numerical simulations based on MFPPM code with high order scheme for the process of driving flyers to hypervelocity through gas gun facility are performed. The calculation result of velocity profile of the flyer free surface agrees well with experimental data measured through DISAR. To simulate melting, gasification, plasma changing and other phenomena appearing in hypervelocity impacts, the elastic-plastic hydrodynamics code LSFC in Eulerian frame with independent intellectual property is also developed. Primary numerical simulation for the same problem is carried out. The results of two codes are in excellent agreement. In future work, LSFC code will be further developed to carry out numerical simulation analysis for hypervelocity impacts of space debris and design of shield structures.