社会—生态系统适应性治理初探

近几年,基于生态系统管理的相关研究中,学者逐渐认识到社会维度的重要性,提出了适应性治理的概念.适应性治理是自我组织的社会网络,团队和行动者群体关注多样的知识体系和经验,以形成共识和决策.适应性治理涵盖多层次的个人、组织、代理机构,包括处理不确定性和变化过程中组织和制度的复杂性以及社会资本.社会资源的恢复力,例如社会资本（包括信任和社会网络）、社会记忆（包括应对变化的经验）,都影响社会—生态系统对变化的适应能力.适应性治理通过适应性管理系统发挥作用,并重视社会资本、网络、领导者和信任.社会-生态系统的弹性使其可以利用“危机”进入更理想状态.

Studies on the Adaptive Governance of Social Ecological Systems

in recent years, in ecosystem-based management literature, more attention is focused on the social dimension and put forwards the concept of adaptive governance. Adaptive governance systems are often self-organized as social networks with teams and actor groups that draw on various knowledge systems and experiences for the development of a common understanding and policies. Such governance connects individuals, organizations, agencies at multiple organizational levels, including complex institutions and social capital in the process of dealing with change and uncertainties. Resilient of social resources, such as social capital （trust and network）, social memory are influence factors to the adaptive ability of social ecology. Adaptive governance works through the adaptive management system, emphasizes on social capital, network, leadership and trust. The resilient of a social ecology could make the system to make use of crisis as an opportunity to transform into a more desired state.