页岩油气及煤层气开采技术与环境现状及存在问题

非常规油气资源是国家安全与经济发展的重要物质基础,资源开发在带来发展的同时,还存在破坏环境的风险。如何解决资源开采和环境保护的矛盾,从中寻求平衡点,值得深思。系统性地归纳了页岩油气及煤层气现行开采技术,评价了优缺点,并就各技术对环境的影响现状以及存在的问题进行了总结和深入分析,提出了针对性解决思路,即:立足油页岩热解本质机理,对经济高效可行性强的油页岩原位开采工艺,针对其环境影响,开展系统性研究。研发适合国情的页岩油气及煤层气的开采技术;积极开展压裂开采诱发的地质灾害研究。为非常规油气的可持续性发展和绿色开采提供有益建议。

Problems and Environmental Impacts Induced by Mining Technology of Shale Oil and Gas and Coalbed Methane

Unconventional oil and gas resources is the important material basis of national security and economic development, resource exploitation brings development to society, while it damages environment. It is worth thinking about that how to solve the contradictions of resources exploitation and environmental protection, seeking the balance of them is very important. In this paper, the current mining technologies of shale oil and gas and coalbed methane were summarized systematically, and the advantages and disadvantages of technologies were evaluated, the technologies'' impact on the environment and some existing problems were also summarized and analyzed. Based on these elaborate?analysis, some targeted solution was suggested as follows. Firstly, based on the nature of oil shale pyrolysis mechanism, the environmental impact of oil shale exploitation in-situ should be studied systematically,?which the technology must has economic efficiency and strong feasibility. Furthermore, the new shale oil and gas and coal-bed methane mining technology, which is suitable for country situation, needs to be explored. Finally, the geological hazard, which is induced by fracturing mining, also should be carried out research actively. This paper will provide useful advice for the sustainable development of unconventional oil and gas and green mining.