屯堡方言声调系统共时历时比较

屯堡方言与周边方言声调的共时比较和历时追溯表明:屯堡方言与周边方言声调的区别特征主要体现在调值及入声的归并上.屯堡方言阴平调值是中平调33,是明代汉移民语音的底层;周边方言的高平调55,是清代汉移民语音叠置覆盖的结果;其余方言的次高平调44,则大多是中平调受到高平调影响而出现的一种过渡状态.入声归并上,屯堡方言全浊入声归阳平是填补舒声空位的结果,这与周边方言显示出很强的一致性;而其次浊声母和清声母入声字归阴平,这属于明代汉移民语音中的底层成分;周边方言乃至西南官话中这些字归阳平,则是清代汉移民语言对该方言进行重叠覆盖的结果.

Synchronic and Diachronic Comparisons of the Tonal System of Tunbu Dialect

The synchronic comparison and diachronic studies of Tunbu dialect and the dialect in its surrounding area indicate that Tunbu dialect has its unique tonal characteristics.This is mainly represented by the tone value and the classification of Ru tone.The value of Yinping tone in Tunbu dialect is middle-level 33,which is the phonetic substratum of Han immigrants in Ming Dynasty;while in its surrounding dialects,it is high-level 55 due to the reduplication of Han immigrants in Qing Dynasty;The minor high-level tone 44 is the transitional state of middle-level tone under the influence of high-level tone.As for the classification of Ru tone,in Tunbu dialect the phenomenon of classifying vioced-initial Ru tone as Yangping tone is the result of filling the vacancy of non-abrupt tone and this is highly consistent with the surrounding dialects.In Tunbu dialect,both minor voiced-initial and unvoiced-initial Ru tone are classified as Yinping tone,which is the phonetic substratum of Han immigrants and their descent in Ming.Meanwhile,in the surrounding dialects and southeast mandarin,they are classified as Yangping tone as a result of the reduplication of immigrants in Qing.