Stable transmission of reversible modifications: maintenance of epigenetic information through the cell cycle |
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Authors: | V A Blomen J Boonstra |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Cellular Dynamics, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands; |
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Abstract: | Even though every cell in a multicellular organism contains the same genes, the differing spatiotemporal expression of these
genes determines the eventual phenotype of a cell. This means that each cell type contains a specific epigenetic program that
needs to be replicated through cell divisions, along with the genome, in order to maintain cell identity. The stable inheritance
of these programs throughout the cell cycle relies on several epigenetic mechanisms. In this review, DNA methylation and histone
methylation by specific histone lysine methyltransferases (KMT) and the Polycomb/Trithorax proteins are considered as the
primary mediators of epigenetic inheritance. In addition, non-coding RNAs and nuclear organization are implicated in the stable
transfer of epigenetic information. Although most epigenetic modifications are reversible in nature, they can be stably maintained
by self-recruitment of modifying protein complexes or maintenance of these complexes or structures through the cell cycle. |
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Keywords: | |
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