乌鲁木齐河流域植物区系研究

发源于天格尔峰北坡1号冰川的乌鲁木齐河,在中、高山带汇聚数十条大小山泉、溪流,由南向东北流经乌鲁木齐市,最后注入位于古尔班通古特沙漠南缘的东道海子,全长220余km。经笔者多年的调查和文献查阅,现已初步查明,乌鲁木齐河流域分布的野生维管束植物有92科500属1424种(含亚种、变种),其中蕨类植物10科15属28种,裸子植物3科3属12种,被子植物(双子叶植物64科402属1089种,单子叶植物15科80属295种)79科482属1384种。对该流域分布的种子植物区系进行分布区类型分析表明,首先是北温带分布及地中海区、西亚至中亚分布及变型的比重最大,共有258属,占该地区种子植物总属数的60.01%。其次为旧大陆温带分布及中亚分布及其变型,有116属,占该地区种子植物总属数的26.97%、再次为温带亚洲分布的有20属,占该地区种子植物总属数的4.65%。东亚分布及其变型有7属,占该地区种子植物总属数的1.63%。东亚和北美洲间断分布的仅有2属,占该地区种子植物总属数的0.47%。上述分析表明该地区植物区系与地中海—西亚—中亚及旧大陆温带交流最多,其次与全热带及温带亚洲和东亚有一定的交流,而与东亚和北美洲及旧世界热带和热带亚洲至热带非洲交流最少。

A Study on the Flora in Xinjiang Urumqi River Basin

Urumqi river, which originates in No. 1 glacier on the north slope of Tianger Peak, collects dozens of mountain springs and brooks at the middle and alpine belts, runs from the south to the northeast through the city of Urumqi and finally empties into Dongdao lake located at the south edge of the Gorbantongute Desert with the total length of 220km. The author did years of on--the--spot investigations and literature reviewing concerning the river. It has been preliminary found out that in Urumqi River Basin there are 92 families, 500 genera and 1424 species of wild vascular plants （including subspecies and varieties）, among which there are 10 families, 15 genera and 28 species of fern, 3 families, 3 genera and 12 species of gymnosperm, 79 families, 482 genera and 1384 species of angiosperm（64 families, 402 genera and 1089 species of dicotyledon, 15 families, 80 genera and 295 species of monocotyledon）. The analysis on the distribution type of the flora in the river basin shows that the North Temperate and Mediterranean, West Asian and Central Asian distribution dominated the distribution rate of the seed plant genera here, with to- tally 258 genera, making up 60.01~ the total plant genera in the river basin. The second dominated distri- butions are the Old World Temperate distribution, Central Asian and its variables distribution, with total- ly 116 genera, making up 26.97% of the total plant genera. The third dominated distributions are the Temperate Asian distribution with 20 genera, making up 4.65% and of the total seed plant genera. There are 7 genera of Eastern Asian distribution, making up 1.63% of the total seed plant genera in the river ba- sin. Eastern Asian ＆ North American distributions only share 2 genera, making up 0.47% of the total seed plant genera. The above analysis indicates the most interflows between the flora in this area with those in the Old World Temperate and Mediterranean, W. Asia ＆ C. Asia, some interflows with Tropical flora and Temperate Asian and Eastern Asian flora, and the least interflows with Eastern Asian and North American and the Old World Tropical flora.