通辽市天然草地土壤性状特征及整治对策

在阐述通辽市地理位置、地貌、气候、植被、土壤以及天然草地类型的基础上,运用第二次土壤普查资料,分析并归纳出通辽市天然草地土壤性状特征:（1）天然草地土壤质地偏砂,土壤结构多为无结构或小粒状结构,土壤有机质、全氮、全磷含量以及土壤阳离子代换量都较低,土壤容重偏大,田间持水量较低;（2）天然草地土壤速效磷、速效钾显著缺乏且有下降趋势,致使生物产量下降;（3）天然草地盐渍化加重,处于荒芜状态;（4）天然草地土壤水土流失严重,生态失衡.针对天然草地生态系统日益恶化的局面,提出了整治对策:（1）退耕还林还牧,实行乔、灌、草结合,以林固沙护草,以草保林养牧,培肥风沙土;（2）采取玉米秸秆造夹层种稻及引种耐盐碱的优良牧草品种和工程措施,改良盐碱地;（3）采取工程措施与生物措施相结合,改革种植制度,实行草田轮作,控制水土流失;（4）扩大林地,改良草地,建立良好的生态环境.

Soil Features and Control Strategies for Development of Natural Grassland in Tongliao City

The soil features of the natural grassland in Tongliao city were analyzed and summarized according to the information from the second soil survey of Tongliao city. That results are as fol-lows:(1)Texture of most soils is sand soil, which has only small grain structure or no structure and has less soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and lower water capacity of field. (2)There are insufficient quick - acting phosphorus and quick - acting potassium and a tendency to decrease. (3)The problems of the salinization and soil water erosion in the natural grassland are getting more and more serious and ecological disturbance. According to exiting problems, the strategies for development are put forword as follows: (1)To plant trees and grass, in order to check winds and control sand and fertilize soil; (2)To apply technology of biological engineering to improve saline - alkali grassland. (3)To reform planting system and make use of ratation of grass and field crops to control soil water erosion. (4)to increase forest areas and improve natural grass-land to build a good ecological environment.