小胶质细胞在不同炎性环境下亚型和功能的演变及其意义

近年来随着对多种神经系统炎性变性病如阿尔茨海默氏病(AD)、帕金森氏病(PD)和多发性硬化(MS)等发病机制的深入研究,显示脑内慢性免疫炎症反应可能是其重要病理特征之一,而小胶质细胞在其中所起的重要作用也日益受到人们的关注。小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统(CNS)的重要组成部分,同时又是脑内的主要免疫效应细胞。正常成年人脑中,小胶质细胞处于相对静息状态,而在免疫炎性反应过程中,小胶质细胞显示激活的细胞形态,在向病灶区移行的同时,可以产生神经毒性分子和神经营养因子,具有致炎和抗炎的作用。因此小胶质细胞的双重性对于理解疾病的发生发展,以及寻找疾病的治疗靶点具有极其重要的理论和实际意义。

The Change of Subtype and Function of Microglia under Different Inflammatory Environments

In recent years,more and more investigations of neurological inflammatory degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease(AD),Parkinson’s disease(PD) and multiple sclerosis(MS),revealed intracerebral chronic immune abnormality,inflammatory reaction may be one of the important pathological features of these inflammatory degenerative diseases.The important function of microglia in these diseases is receiving considerable attention.Microglia is an important part of central nervous system,and the principal immune effector cell in brain.In the normal adult human brain,microglia remains "resting".But in the course of immune inflammatory reactions,microglia showed activated cell morphology,meanwhile,migrated to focal area,and exerted pro-and anti-inflammatory response by producing neurotoxic molecules or neurotrophic factors.So the double-edged effects of microglia show important theoretic and practical meaning in understanding the occurrence and development of diseases and searching therapeutic target.