卧龙自然保护区景观多样性时空分异特征研究

研究了卧龙自然保护区20世纪80年代中期以来景观多样性的时空分异格局及成因，并探讨了相关的管理和多样性研究尺度效应问题。结果显示，过去35年复杂的人为影响是研究时段内景观多样性显著变化的根本成因。始于20世纪60年代中期的大规模森林砍伐活动，降低了全区特别是中低山区景观多样性水平，而延续30多年的植树造林活动，使不同区域的整体景观多样性水平逐步提高。合理的景观整体结构（包括多样性空间格局）建设目标和实现方法，应成为今后相关研究工作关注的重点问题之一。研究还证明了景观多样性研究具有显著的尺度效应特征，具体表现为林地面积的恢复在全区、自然景观、人为影响景观以及海拔高程分异等中尺度研究中显著提高了景观多样性水平，但在各人为影响发生源的缓冲区这种小尺度分析上，则降低了景观多样性水平。工作区内开展中小尺度景观多样性研究的适宜正方形样地面积应为50×50个像元。

Spatial and Temporal Variation Characteristics of Landscape Diversity in Wolong Natural Reserve

The authors studied the spatial and temporal variation of landscape diversity pattern as well as the causes in Wolong natural reserve since mid 1980's, and also discussed the related problems of management and scale effect of landscape diversity study. Results indicated that the basic cause that led to significant changing of landscape diversity pattern during our study period was human impact in the past 35 years. Large scale of wood logging began at mid 1960's decreased landscape diversity of total working area, especially the medium low mountain area, but the afforestation behavior lasted for more than 30 years gradually increased landscape diversity of different areas. It should be one of the important problems concerned by the related studies, which were the restoration object of suitable integrated landscape structure including spatial diversity pattern and the practice methodologies. Our study also proved that landscape diversity research has obvious scale effect characteristics. Clear evidence is that forest rehabilitation increased landscape diversity of medium scale study area such as the total working area, natural landscape, human impacted landscape, and different altitude area, but decreased diversity degree of small scale area such as the buffer zones of different human impact sources. Experimental study resulted that suitable square sample size for medium small scale study of landscape diversity in our working area is 50×50 cells.